What is a distributors role?
The distributor may set the release date of the film and the method in which it is to be exhibited or made available for viewing. A limited distributor may deal only with particular products, such as DVDs or Blu-ray or may act in a particular country or market. The primary distributor will often receive credit in the films credits.
Choses which films to distribute
Attends film festivals
Decides on the number of prints
Pays for the cost of each print
Negotiates the release date and site of exhibition
Sends trailers and publicity to cinemas
What's a distribution plan?
A distribution plan is created by the management of manufacturing business that specifies how the firm intends to transfer its products to intermediaries, retailers and end consumers. Larger companies involved in making products will usually also put together a detailed production distribution strategy to guide its entry into its intended market.
What's a P + A budget?
Print and advertising comes into play in film production.
Prints are the actual physical film that are shown in theatres and are quite expensive to make and distribute = costing $2,000 per print. Each cinema need at least one print, possibly more depending on how screens will be showing it.
Advertising is the part of the budget which is spent on advertising; TV, radio, newspapers and magazine, the internet and in-cinema advertisement.
The average P+A budget for a Big Six release is $34.5 million (2006).
What is the average distribution cost for a big six film?
Film distributors spend between $3.5 billion and $4.0 billion a year in the United States alone on direct buys of advertising such as TV commercials, billboards, online banner ads, radio commercials, etc.
What does the distribution budget include?
Press, prints, promotions, publicity and campaign production.
What is a simultaneous release?
Is a key date where the movie is released to cinemas, TV channels, DVD, internet, etc on or around the same date; instead of the usual cinema release first then DVD followed. The advantage is the consumers may choose how and where they will watch the movie.
What are some main distribution companies?
Warner Bros
Walt Disney
Sony Pictures
20th Century Fox
Universal
Paramount Pictures
Lionsgate
What do you think is the link between audiences and distribution?
The distributor will decide who the film target audience is and base their methods around them. They will also base the release date around they believe would be the main time they would watch a screening of a film.
Define target market audience? What's audience positioning?
A target market is defined in the process called market segmentation. A target market/audience is a group of customers a business has decided to aim its marketing efforts and merchandise around.
Why is the release date crucial?
The release date is critical for the idea that the target audience will have a set time in which they will watch most films. This time will include holidays, weekends, etc.
What is self distribution?
Is the idea of people distributing their film themselves, via things like flyers or leaflets.
Saturday, 16 April 2016
Friday, 18 March 2016
Task 9
Mainstream - safe genre films that are distributed to mass, national and often international audiences
Independent - films that have more localised appeal and niche audiences and that often utilise digital technologies to create 'brand awareness'. Independent films do not have access to extensive distribution networks.
Production - the physical film making process
Distribution - getting the films out to cinemas and paying for the advertising and marketing
Exchange - OCR's commonly used terminology
Multinational Conglomerate - large organisations whose business interests are global, utilising synergy and convergence and also cross media ownership.
Monopoly - where one company dominates the market
Oligopoly - where four or more companies dominate the market
The Big Six - the four international organisations that dominate film distribution and form the oligopoly of ownership (owned by multi national conglomerates
Globalisation - where films are distributed around the work through elaborate cross media networks
Horizontal Integration - where one media company acquires another media company in the same sector eg Vue acquiring Warner Village Cinemas in 2003
Vertical Integration - where the means or production and distribution are controlled by one company
Digital technologies - primarily this refers to how the internet has changed the industry including advertising through and on websites, online distribution, streaming, legal and illegal downloading eg. through YouTube (file sharing)
Synergy - where two or more compatible products sell each other eg. a film and CD (8 Mile)
Merchandising - where the popularity of film are manipulated through the sales of spinoff goods eg. t-shirts and associated clothing, wristbands, stickers, badges and mugs
Cross media ownership - where companies have interest in a range of media eg Sony and Gaming, film Distribution, electronic (media related) devices
Convergence - where film is advertised using a range of media platforms but also becomes available on one platform - the internet.
Cross media convergence – is the process by which a range of media platforms integrate within a single piece of media technology.
Multinational convergence – is the process whereby progressively individuals control increasing shares of mass media.
Technological convergence – is the tendency that as technology changes, different technological systems evolve towards performing similar tasks.
Consumption and media consumption – the stuff people buy, e.g cinema tickets, merchandise, drinks. Is the sum of information and entertainment media take in by a company.
Piracy – the unauthorised reproduction or use of a copyrighted tv programme, or film.
Tie – in – a media product, e.g book, that makes use of material presented in another, usually more well-known media product.
Ultraviolet – is a cloud based digital rights locker for movies and television.
Above, below, through the line – in organisational business and marketing communications, are advertising techniques, or strategies to sell products.
Above the line – use media that are broadcast and published to mass audiences, harder to measure.
Below the line – Use communication use media that are more niche focused. Use marketing the ability to tailor their messaging in a more personal manner to the audience. Highly measurable.
Independent - films that have more localised appeal and niche audiences and that often utilise digital technologies to create 'brand awareness'. Independent films do not have access to extensive distribution networks.
Production - the physical film making process
Distribution - getting the films out to cinemas and paying for the advertising and marketing
Exchange - OCR's commonly used terminology
Multinational Conglomerate - large organisations whose business interests are global, utilising synergy and convergence and also cross media ownership.
Monopoly - where one company dominates the market
Oligopoly - where four or more companies dominate the market
The Big Six - the four international organisations that dominate film distribution and form the oligopoly of ownership (owned by multi national conglomerates
Globalisation - where films are distributed around the work through elaborate cross media networks
Horizontal Integration - where one media company acquires another media company in the same sector eg Vue acquiring Warner Village Cinemas in 2003
Vertical Integration - where the means or production and distribution are controlled by one company
Digital technologies - primarily this refers to how the internet has changed the industry including advertising through and on websites, online distribution, streaming, legal and illegal downloading eg. through YouTube (file sharing)
Synergy - where two or more compatible products sell each other eg. a film and CD (8 Mile)
Merchandising - where the popularity of film are manipulated through the sales of spinoff goods eg. t-shirts and associated clothing, wristbands, stickers, badges and mugs
Cross media ownership - where companies have interest in a range of media eg Sony and Gaming, film Distribution, electronic (media related) devices
Convergence - where film is advertised using a range of media platforms but also becomes available on one platform - the internet.
Cross media convergence – is the process by which a range of media platforms integrate within a single piece of media technology.
Multinational convergence – is the process whereby progressively individuals control increasing shares of mass media.
Technological convergence – is the tendency that as technology changes, different technological systems evolve towards performing similar tasks.
Consumption and media consumption – the stuff people buy, e.g cinema tickets, merchandise, drinks. Is the sum of information and entertainment media take in by a company.
Piracy – the unauthorised reproduction or use of a copyrighted tv programme, or film.
Tie – in – a media product, e.g book, that makes use of material presented in another, usually more well-known media product.
Ultraviolet – is a cloud based digital rights locker for movies and television.
Above, below, through the line – in organisational business and marketing communications, are advertising techniques, or strategies to sell products.
Above the line – use media that are broadcast and published to mass audiences, harder to measure.
Below the line – Use communication use media that are more niche focused. Use marketing the ability to tailor their messaging in a more personal manner to the audience. Highly measurable.
Task 8
Technologies that are used in various stages of film production...
Production:- In the industry there have been many major advances in filming technologies, movies like The Hobbit boast 48 frames per second – making it the first movie in Hollywood history to surpass the standard fps rate (which is usually 24 frames per second).- On movie sets across the world, Red One Digital cameras are transforming the filming process by replacing the standard 35 mm camera with a smaller, lighter, and thus more portable camera solution – without lessening image quality. - Virtual backlots now allow actors to appear in far flung destinations, thanks to digital backgrounds.
- For Fast and Furious 7 when they CGI Paul Walkers looks onto his brother they used SFX/Technology to create a Paul Walker look alike.
Distribution:
- Official websites and blogsites- Press and public previews- Online competitions- Phone apps and social networking sites. - The typical and traditional form of marketing a film towards an audience would be in the form of film posters and trailers but as technologies have advanced so has marketing methods. Exchange:- The Selfish Giant used the companycurzonhomecinema.com to exchange its film.- - For Star Wars force awakens they used a 360 degree camera and this below is a statement from an article on how films are exchanged through a 360-degree camera “It roams through the streets and sky and subway tunnels—Help follows a young woman and an LAPD cop (played by Fast and Better Luck Tomorrow star Sung Kang) being pursued by a terrifying alien. Whereas most films seem like skeletal proofs of concept, Help has the spectacular heft, Goliath action sequences, and sequential narrative of a Hollywood blockbuster."
Exhibition:- Ultraviolet and Disney Digital Copy are revolutionizing where and when fans can watch film and television content. Purchased Blu-rays can be stored and accessed online and in the cloud, allowing audiences to engage with their entertainment wherever, whenever they want.- With more ways to watch than ever before, audiences can now find their favorite films and television shows on more platforms, from streaming services like iTunes, Crackle, Hulu Plus, Fandor, SnagFilms, and more. - Multiple screens now offer entertainment lovers endless ways to enjoy their favorite content on a slew of various sized screens. From tablet apps, to streaming services optimized for the mobile screen, fans can gain even deeper access to the films and television shows of their choosing. Recent apps like theStar Trek smartphone app and the Men in Black III tablet app allowed users to interact with the marketing campaigns.- IMAX has been introduced into the film industry which offers widescreen cinematography which produces an image approximately ten times larger than that from standard 35 mm film. - An example of the advance in technology for exhibition is for Avatar. Which was one of the first films to not only be offered at IMAX but in an ordinary cinema in 3D and was very popular with audiences.
Production:- In the industry there have been many major advances in filming technologies, movies like The Hobbit boast 48 frames per second – making it the first movie in Hollywood history to surpass the standard fps rate (which is usually 24 frames per second).- On movie sets across the world, Red One Digital cameras are transforming the filming process by replacing the standard 35 mm camera with a smaller, lighter, and thus more portable camera solution – without lessening image quality. - Virtual backlots now allow actors to appear in far flung destinations, thanks to digital backgrounds.
- For Fast and Furious 7 when they CGI Paul Walkers looks onto his brother they used SFX/Technology to create a Paul Walker look alike.
Distribution:
- Official websites and blogsites- Press and public previews- Online competitions- Phone apps and social networking sites. - The typical and traditional form of marketing a film towards an audience would be in the form of film posters and trailers but as technologies have advanced so has marketing methods. Exchange:- The Selfish Giant used the companycurzonhomecinema.com to exchange its film.- - For Star Wars force awakens they used a 360 degree camera and this below is a statement from an article on how films are exchanged through a 360-degree camera “It roams through the streets and sky and subway tunnels—Help follows a young woman and an LAPD cop (played by Fast and Better Luck Tomorrow star Sung Kang) being pursued by a terrifying alien. Whereas most films seem like skeletal proofs of concept, Help has the spectacular heft, Goliath action sequences, and sequential narrative of a Hollywood blockbuster."
Exhibition:- Ultraviolet and Disney Digital Copy are revolutionizing where and when fans can watch film and television content. Purchased Blu-rays can be stored and accessed online and in the cloud, allowing audiences to engage with their entertainment wherever, whenever they want.- With more ways to watch than ever before, audiences can now find their favorite films and television shows on more platforms, from streaming services like iTunes, Crackle, Hulu Plus, Fandor, SnagFilms, and more. - Multiple screens now offer entertainment lovers endless ways to enjoy their favorite content on a slew of various sized screens. From tablet apps, to streaming services optimized for the mobile screen, fans can gain even deeper access to the films and television shows of their choosing. Recent apps like theStar Trek smartphone app and the Men in Black III tablet app allowed users to interact with the marketing campaigns.- IMAX has been introduced into the film industry which offers widescreen cinematography which produces an image approximately ten times larger than that from standard 35 mm film. - An example of the advance in technology for exhibition is for Avatar. Which was one of the first films to not only be offered at IMAX but in an ordinary cinema in 3D and was very popular with audiences.
Thursday, 17 March 2016
Task 7
My results concluded:
What days to audiences go to the cinema?
Wednesday, because of discount, or weekends because it is easier to go when they can go later at night or during the day.
What are the most popular genres?
Most popular genre's were action, romance and comedy.
What was the top film in each of these genres?
The top film in action was Avengers- age of ultron and divergent, the top film in romance was focus and fifty shades of grey. The top film for comedy was TED and Magic Mike.
How do audiences hear about films?
The most popular answers for this was trailers on social media, or by looking on the cinema website.
Do audiences prefer US, UK or other nationality films?
Most popular answer was U.S
Do audiences like 3D films?
Most popular answer was no, because you have to wear glasses.
What other ways to audiences watch film aside from the cinema?
Online, on sites like putlocker, or on Sky movies, or DVD
Who do audiences go to the cinema with?
Most popular answer was friends or partner.
When and where are most audiences likely to go to the cinema?
To their local cinema, like Odeon, or Cineworld, or view.
Essay
In the TV Drama; Merlin, class is presented in many ways, through camera, sound, mise-en-scene and editing.
The extract begins with the camera panning around the inside of a castle, establishing higher status and symbolising royalty. Immediately Merlin is centralised with a mid shot on him, this combined with the fact that he is the first character we see, connotes that he is the protagonist within this extract. However, he is wearing old ragged clothing with dull colours such as browns and greens that symbolise low status.
Mise en scene is used through well looked after clothes as well as the colour purple which more or less often means royalty. Also Merlin doesn’t have a weapon therefore implying his he is of a lower class and probably cannot afford one, but even if he could because of his class he probably would not be allowed one. However Gias reads book and wears glasses which connotes intelligence and status, this is a huge stereotype for people who wear glasses automatically people will assume they are smart.
The dialogue also makes it apparent to the audience that the women who later comes on is of higher status as she is patronising towards him and reminds the viewer that Merlin doesn't belong there. Although the eyeline match between them both, indicates equality. This could indicate that although they are of different classes, Merlin may still be at the same level as the women.
Later on when the Prince confronts Merlin, through costumes we can also see that the Prince is upper class, just like the women, who believes he can overpower Merlin just because the Prince is royal. Carrying on, when the Prince throws Merlin the weapon, it implies that the Prince is rich and arrogant, which means he is living up to the stereotypes of the upper class.
Carrying on, the non-diegetic music ends as Merlin leaves the castle grounds. Immediately we see the contrast between the dim lit castle and the bright light outside, connoting that the castle is home to bad people, although they are upper class. This gives a stereotype of how the upper class are normally stuck up and horrible and the lower class are the actual good people.As Merlin walks out into the street, there is a total difference in setting and the combination of the sound of people hustling in the street and people dressed similar to him, indicates that Merlin is among-st his peers and people of the same class.
Despite Merlin being of a lower class he proves that it can be better than being upper class as he still manages to shine above them even though he is not one of them.
Wednesday, 9 March 2016
Tuesday, 8 March 2016
Task 6
Home - Manchester:
Home is an independent cinemas which wad formed by the merger of two of Manchester's art organisations; Cornerhouse and the Library Theatre Company.
Home bases its target audience around 'curiosity seekers, lovers of the dramatic, the digital and the deeply engaging for radicals and reciprocators'. They find their normal audience ranges with young people, the community and their organisations. They have two theatre rooms, five screens, restaurant and a gallery for artwork.
Home bases its showing of films around a wide range of genres; romance, drama and comedy.
They are different from the usual cinema like Odeon due to their range of facilities. They have a theatre, restaurant and gallery which isn't usually present at all mainstream cinemas. This may make the experience of going to this independent cinema more exciting and people there are there for a range of reasons. Home's prices are also significantly different with a student ticket standing at £5.00 at Home but at Odeon £8.00.
The Electric - Birmingham:
The Electric Cinema first opened in London's Portobello Road on 24th February 1910, and was one of the first buildings in Britain to be designed specifically for motion picture exhibition.
The prices at this cinema are significantly different to somewhere like Odeon, fore they state prices on what area the audience want to sit at (their cheapest ticket sitting at £18.00). The Electric cinema is similar to somewhere like Odeon in the way it shows popular mainstream films as well as independent films. By the cinema showing mainstream, popular films; it means they get more visitors due to the fact it doesn't just show films which aren't as well recognised by the media. The electric cinema also differs from mainstream cinemas like Odeon due to its sitting. The Electric cinema bases its prices around which seating the audience want to perch on to watch the film, rather than the age of a audience member.
Twelve Independent Cinemas near Chelmsford:
Home - Manchester
Genesis - London
The Electric - Birmingham
The Cornerhouse - Manchester
The Tyneside - Newcastle
Hyde Park Picture house - Leeds
The Grosvenor - Glasgow
The Orion - Burgess Hill
Prince Charles - London
The Phoenix - Falmouth
Watershed - Bristol
BFI Southbank - London
When looking at all the independent cinemas listing, i saw present films which arent well popularised within the media and so many people wouldn't know about; e.g The Bigger Splash - Home. This shows that independent cinemas are showing films which are for people that really like to explore their film genres and their cinema location. This is examined through the way most of the cinemas i looked at wouldn't just have screening rooms, but also galleries and threatre rooms; as well as their screening rooms having comfier seats or being designed nicer with art decoration like The Rex cinema. The cinemas were mostly rated for aged 15 and above(older audience) and the genres were mostly action. This older audience means they aim their films to them due to them showing older films dating back to the 80s.
Genesis - London:
The first Genesis building opened in 1848 which was a pub that turned into a music hall. Genesis shows mainstream films like Deadpool, as well as films which are less recognised by the media like 10 Cloverfield Lane. They also show old films, as well as new out films. This is one significant difference between cinemas like Odeon with Genesis.
The price of a student ticket at Genesis is £4.50 Mon-Wed, £7.00 Wed-Sun. The price of a student ticket at Odeon is £8.00. This price isn't alot different from their Wed- Sun £7.00 student price, however it shows they up their ticket prices towards their popularity (higher price=most popular days visited). Another difference is the way Genesis doesn't just have screening rooms (five); it has a cafe, kitchen, bar and gallery.
Hyde Park Picture House (Leeds)-
Hyde Park Picture House is not owned by Picturehouse/Cineworld. It is an independent institution in the centre of Leeds. It turned 100 years old on the 7th November. It is said to show the very best of under the radar cinema from around the world, this council owned cinema has a vocal and dedicated fan-base and mixes Edwardian touches such as gas lighting, an outside box-office, and balcony seating, with up to date Dolby Digital technology, for its architecture and screens.
To find out more here is the cinemas website: http://www.hydeparkpicturehouse.co.uk/
The first Genesis building opened in 1848 which was a pub that turned into a music hall. Genesis shows mainstream films like Deadpool, as well as films which are less recognised by the media like 10 Cloverfield Lane. They also show old films, as well as new out films. This is one significant difference between cinemas like Odeon with Genesis.
The price of a student ticket at Genesis is £4.50 Mon-Wed, £7.00 Wed-Sun. The price of a student ticket at Odeon is £8.00. This price isn't alot different from their Wed- Sun £7.00 student price, however it shows they up their ticket prices towards their popularity (higher price=most popular days visited). Another difference is the way Genesis doesn't just have screening rooms (five); it has a cafe, kitchen, bar and gallery.
Hyde Park Picture House (Leeds)-
Hyde Park Picture House is not owned by Picturehouse/Cineworld. It is an independent institution in the centre of Leeds. It turned 100 years old on the 7th November. It is said to show the very best of under the radar cinema from around the world, this council owned cinema has a vocal and dedicated fan-base and mixes Edwardian touches such as gas lighting, an outside box-office, and balcony seating, with up to date Dolby Digital technology, for its architecture and screens.
To find out more here is the cinemas website: http://www.hydeparkpicturehouse.co.uk/
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